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Journal Review Article: Ragi and Diabetes
By Dr. Muddu Surendra Nehru, MD Physician, Professor of Medicine
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has emerged as a global health concern, with an estimated prevalence expected to double by 2025. Dietary interventions play a crucial role in managing diabetes, particularly through the consumption of low glycemic index (GI) foods. Ragi (Eleusine coracana L.), commonly known as finger millet, is a traditional cereal with immense potential in diabetes management due to its nutritional composition and low GI properties. This review explores the relationship between ragi consumption and diabetes management, emphasizing its glycemic control benefits, biochemical mechanisms, and implications for dietary planning.
Ragi and Diabetes By Dr. Muddu Surendra Nehru, MD Physician, Professor of Medicine
Mar 16, 2025
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Glycemic Index and Diabetes Management
Ragi has a glycemic index ranging from 55 to 69, significantly lower than refined wheat flour or rice1. Low-GI foods prolong glucose absorption, reduce insulin requirements, and improve lipid profiles. Studies have demonstrated that diets incorporating finger millet effectively control blood glucose levels and reduce HbA1c values2.
Mechanisms of Glycemic Control
Polyphenols in Ragi: Catechin and ferulic acid enhance insulin sensitivity and regularize lipid metabolism.
Enzyme Inhibition: Phenolic extracts inhibit α-glucosidase and pancreatic amylase enzymes responsible for postprandial hyperglycemia12.
Dietary Fiber Action: Delays starch hydrolysis and improves glucose utilization2.
Clinical Evidence Supporting Ragi Consumption
A study by Tiwari et al. revealed that diabetic patients consuming 200 g of millet flour buns daily for 60 days showed significant reductions in fasting blood glucose (FBS), postprandial blood glucose (PPBS), serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and VLDL cholesterol while increasing HDL levels by 14.98%12.
Long-term studies have confirmed that ragi consumption leads to modest improvements in glycemic control and lipid profiles among individuals with type 2 diabetes1.
Benefits of Ragi Over Other Staples
ParameterRagiRiceWheatGlycemic IndexLow (55–69)High (>70)Moderate (>70)Fiber ContentHighLowModerateImpact on HbA1c LevelsNegativePositivePositiveRisk of DiabetesReducedIncreasedIncreased
Implications for Dietary Planning
Incorporating ragi into daily diets can be beneficial for diabetic individuals due to its ability to regulate blood sugar levels while providing essential nutrients. Ragi-based recipes such as dosas, porridges, or multigrain formulations are ideal for maintaining glycemic control while promoting overall health12.
Conclusion
Ragi serves as an excellent dietary option for managing diabetes due to its low glycemic index, rich nutritional profile, and bioactive compounds that enhance insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. As lifestyle diseases continue to rise globally, promoting ragi consumption can be an effective strategy for improving health outcomes among diabetic populations.
Introduction
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from disturbances in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. India is among the countries with the highest prevalence of diabetes, attributed to genetic predisposition, central obesity, and lifestyle changes. Staple diets significantly influence fasting blood sugar (FBS), postprandial blood sugar (PPBS), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. While white rice and wheat are associated with increased diabetes risk due to their high GI values, ragi offers a promising alternative as a low-GI food12.
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